Leslie talks about the branches of the axillary artery, which include the superior thoracic artery, thoracoacromial artery, lateral thoracic artery, subscapular artery, posterior circumflex humeral artery and the anterior circumflex humeral. Aug 08, 2018 the axillary vein is located medial to the axillary artery throughout its course, but the relationship of cords of brachial plexus and their branches are different for every of the 3 parts of the artery. Urgent surgical intervention was done in the form of fixation of fracture. The objective of this study is to observe variations in axillary artery branches in human cadavers. There is one axillary vein on each side of the body. There are few reports of the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm joining the ulnar nerve within a common fascial. Useful mnemonics to remember the branches of the axillary artery are. Proximal humerus fractures are rarely associated with axillary artery injury.
Pdf variation in axillary artery branches a case report. In the axilla, the axillary artery is surrounded by the brachial plexus. In human anatomy, the axillary vein is a large blood vessel that conveys blood from the lateral aspect of the thorax, axilla armpit and upper limb toward the heart. Thus, instead of six, the branches may total anywhere from 5 11. When the reconstruction of the axillary artery is necessary after trauma, surgeons use microvascular graft taken from the various branches of axillary artery, and use the. The axillary vein is located medial to the axillary artery throughout its course, but the relationship of cords of brachial plexus and their branches are different for every of the 3 parts of the artery.
We dissected 80 limbs of 40 human adult embalmed cadavers of asian origin and we have studied the branching patterns of the axillary artery. The origin of anomalies in the branching pattern of the upperlimb arteries is attributed to defects in the embryonic development of the vascular. Leslie talks about the branches of the axillary artery, which include the superior thoracic artery, thoracoacromial artery, lateral thoracic artery, subscapular artery, posterior circumflex humeral artery and the anterior circumflex humeral artery. The axillary artery begins at the outer border of the first rib and ends at the from 1st part asuperior thoracic it runs in along the first intercostal space. Oct 09, 2012 variation in branching pattern of axillary artery has been reported earlier by rao et al. Pdf introduction the axillary and cephalic veins are used for various clinical. Play sporcle s virtual live trivia to have fun, connect with people, and get your trivia on. Branches from the axillary artery are highly variable. Variations in brachial plexus and the relationship of median nerve. Join a live hosted trivia game for your favorite pub trivia experience done virtually.
Apr 27, 2020 this is also useful since out of the 15 branches of the maxillary artery, the 5 branches from the second part part on the lateral pterygoid muscle are regarded as branches to soft tissues and they do not course through foramina in bones. On the right side superior thoracic artery was a branch of second part of axillary artery. Axillary artery branchesaxillary artery branches mnemonicaxillary artery branches mnemonicaxillary artery anaomy primary branches of axillary artery. Other tributaries include the subscapular vein, circumflex humeral vein, lateral thoracic vein and thoracoacromial vein. Showing branching pattern of the axillary artery, 1 axillary artery, 2. The axillary artery is a continuation of the subclavian artery that begins at the outer border of the first rib. Mnemonics s al sap the gap between the s and the al to emphasize that s is 1st part and al are 2nd part s. The axillary artery runs across the superior aspect of the axilla and is marked by. The axillary nerve travels through the quadrangular space with the posterior circumflex humeral artery. The subclavian artery is renamed to become the axillary artery as it passes below the lateral aspect of the first rib. Play sporcle s virtual live trivia to have fun, connect with people, and get your trivia on join a live hosted trivia game for your favorite pub trivia experience done virtua. Pandey and shukla studied about, thoracoacromial trunk. Atotw 369 anatomical variation of the brachial plexus and its clinical implications 26th dec 2017 page 2 of 9 figure 1. The posterior cord is formed from the three posterior divisions of the trunks c5c8,t1.
Sep 24, 2016 axillary artery and its branches with mnemonics medico tutorials. It is responsible for carrying oxygenrich blood to the upper limb, as well as to parts of the musculocutaneous system of the scapula and upper lateral thorax. The artery has six primary branches and is divided into three parts based on its relation to the pectoralis minor muscle fig. It is one of the terminal branch of external carotid artery. Axillary vein the axillary vein lies along the medial side of the artery and is a continuation of the basilic vein. Pdf operative exposure and management of axillary vessel. Pdf the axillary vein and its tributaries are not in the mirror image. A rare but striking anomaly arises when instead of continuing as a single brachial artery, the axiliary artery divides in. The axillary artery is a large blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood to various parts of the upper body. Variations in branching pattern of the axillary artery. Case report bilateral variations in branching of axillary artery. Oct 06, 2017 axillary artery branches axillary artery branches mnemonic axillary artery branches mnemonic axillary artery anaomy primary branches of axillary artery.
Cunninghams manual was followed for the whole procedure. Key branches include the obturator artery, the inferior vesical artery in men and the equivalent vaginal artery in females, and the rectal and gluteal arteries. Additional pectoral branches were seen coming out of the second part on either side. Heulke, in his study, found two to seven branches that arose from the axillary artery.
Verma et al 4 reported a case in which the left superior thoracic artery was taking origin from the second part of axillary artery. May 17, 2017 maxillary artery is the artery that supplies the facial region. However, the remaining 10 branches, from the first and third parts, go through foramina in bones. It begins at the inferior border of the teres major m. The late ral thoracic and thoracodorsal arteries arose together from the third part of the axillary artery as a lateral. Its origin is at the lateral margin of the first rib, before which it is called the subclavian artery. There are six main branches that come off the axillary artery. As has been classically described in anatomical texts, axillary artery gives six branches, first part giving rise to superior thoracic artery, second part giving rise to thoracoacromial and lateral thoracic arteries and the third part giving rise to subscapular, anterior.
In the palm, ulnar artery gives off deep palmar branch, which contributes to formation of deep palmar arch after joining with radial artery. Anomalous branching pattern of lateral cord of brachial. N of forearm, ulnar n, 3rd part of axillary artery, medial root of median n, median n. The first part of the axillary artery has 1 branch, the. During routine dissection of an approximately 50yearold male cadaver for the undergraduate medical students at melaka manipal medical college, manipal university, manipal, we came across a variation in branching pattern of right axillary artery. The axillary artery is usually described as giving off six branches, although the number varies because two or more arteries often arise together instead of separately, or two branches of an artery arise separately. Anatomical variation of the brachial plexus and its. Axillary artery branches medical mnemonics im boards. Axillary artery injury caused by fracture of humerus neck. The common trunk as in the present case can be used for bypass. We present a case of a 59yearold female who had fracture neck humerus along with absent pulsations in the left upper limb after blunt trauma.
Some times life seems a pain superior thoracic thoracoacromial lateral thoracic subscapular anterior circumflex humeral posterior circumflex humeral. Arterial variations in the upper limbs can cause iatrogenic injury during invasive procedures. Circulatory routes boundless anatomy and physiology. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The axillary artery, branches and veins flashcards quizlet. If a virtual private party is more your thing, go here for details. It then between mandible ramus and sphenomendibular ligament via the parotid gland. The second part of axillary artery gave rise to a common trunk which divided into the subscapular and lateral thoracic arteries. Atotw 369 anatomical variation of the brachial plexus and its clinical implications 26th dec 2017 page 3 of 9 in the lower part of the axilla, the cords divide and give rise to the five terminal branches of the plexus. The axillary artery is a large muscular vessel that travels through the axilla.
The axillary artery is a continuation of the subclavian artery. Maxillary artery branches and mnemonic all medical stuff. The second part of the axillary artery is the reference for the locational descriptions of the cords in the brachial plexus. The cords are named by their position with respect to the axillary artery. It lies between the lateral border of pectoralis minor and the lower border of the teres major muscle. It is divided into 3 parts by the overlying pectoralis minor. In order to remember the sequence and also to give you a hint as to the names of the arteries, i want you to remember hotel spa. Its origin is at the lateral margin of the first rib, before which it is called the subclavian artery after passing the lower margin of teres major it becomes the brachial artery.
Samta et al 3 reported the incidence to be as high as 28%. The superior thoracic branch of axillary artery had a very unusual course as it passed between the two divisions of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus and then descended down towards the. It receives tributaries that parallel the branches of the axillary artery. The axillary artery enters the axilla by passing behind the midpoint of the clavicle on the outer edge of the first rib. Variations in branches of axillary artery are frequently found. Maxillary artery is the artery that supplies the facial region. The relations of the 3 parts of the axillary artery are given in the table below. Axillary artery branches mnemonic radiology reference.
Branching pattern of axillary is quite variable and well documented. Aneurysms of the axillary artery and its branches may appear in baseball pitchers. In this article you will find the anatomy, branches and mnemonics related to the axillary artery. The third part of the axillary artery has three branches. With the axillary nerve, it leaves the axilla by passing through the quadrangular space, curves around the neck of the humerus and supplies the deltoid and glenohumeral joint. In human anatomy, the axillary artery is a large blood vessel that conveys oxygenated blood to the lateral aspect of the thorax, the axilla armpit and the upper limb.
These parts of the body include the thorax, upper limb, and axilla more commonly. For example, the left subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery as it passes. This artery as it arises from external carotid artery from behind the neck of mandible. The axillary nerve or the circumflex nerve is a nerve of the human body, that originates from the brachial plexus upper trunk, posterior division, posterior cord at the level of the axilla armpit and carries nerve fibers from c5 and c6. The median nerve was present lateral to axillary artery. In this video, what im going to be doing is im going to be looking at the branches of the axillary artery. From 3rd part a subscapular runs down with the long subscapular nerve, just within the posterior axillary fold. Abnormal branching pattern of the axillary artery and its.
Axillary artery and its branches with mnemonics youtube. The maxillary artery is one of the two terminal divisions of the external carotid artery in the head the second terminal branch is the superficial temporal artery therefore the maxillary artery can be defined as one of the continuations of the external carotid artery, and distributes the blood flow to the upper and lower jaw bones, deep facial areas, cerebral dura. Variation in the branching pattern of axillary artery a. Computed tomographic angiogram revealed complete occlusion of the left axillary artery. Knowledge of branching pattern of axillary artery is necessary while doing the antegrade cerebral perfusion in aortic surgery in case of axillary artery thrombosis 7,8. Anomalous branching patterns of the axillary artery. It then courses through the axilla while being bordered by the lateral superiorly, posterior posteriorly, medial inferiorly cords of the brachial plexus and the ansa pectoralis anteriorly. Samta et al reported that the third part of axillary artery gave rise to a common trunk, which branched into subscapular artery, profunda brachii and circumflex humeral arteries, and also alar branches arose from the second part of axillary artery. Aug 06, 2015 can you name the axillary artery branches.
It is accompanied by the cords of the brachial plexus and is enclosed with them and the axillary vein in the axillary sheath as it traverses. The present study revealed a variation in the branching pattern of axillary artery as also documented by many other workers. These six divisions will regroup to become the three cords. Our products are designed to not only help you pass exams, but retain your medical knowledge for life. During educational dissection of countered uncommon branching patterns of the axillary artery which have not yet been reported yet, to our knowledge. Knowledge of branching pattern of axillary artery is necessary during antegrade cerebral perfusion in aortic surgery 19, while treating the axillary artery thrombosis 20, using the medial arm skin flap 21, reconstructing the axillary artery after trauma, treating axillary artery hematoma and brachial plexus palsy, considering the branches of. The axillary artery begins at the outer border of the first rib and ends at the from 1st part a superior thoracic it runs in along the first intercostal space. Before joining the c6, the c5 gave a direct branch to the subclavius muscle and the. The external and internal iliac veins combine near the inferior portion of the. Aneurysm and trauma of axillary artery may require reconstructive operation and variations as in the present case may present difficulties in the procedure. The axillary nerve travels through the quadrangular space with the posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein.
At its terminal part, it is also joined by the cephalic vein. None references axillary artery above the teres major was found in 1. At the shoulder, the brachial and basilic veins merge to form the axillary vein, to which the cephaliac vein merges to form the. It is responsible for carrying oxygenrich blood to the upper limb, as well as to parts of the musculocutaneous system of the scapula and upper lateral thorax the neurovascular bundle formed by the artery and the cords of the brachial plexus are enveloped by the axillary fascia. The axillary vein and its tributaries are not in the mirror image of the. The brachiocephalic artery branches into the right subclavian artery and the right. The lateral cord is the anterior divisions from the upper and middle trunks c5c7. Branches may arise together or their subbranches may be given off directly by main artery. The axillary artery is accompanied by the axillary vein, which lies medial to the artery, along its length. Dissection of cadaver which demonstrates the brachial plexus yellow exiting behind the anterior scalene muscle.
Frequency of variations in axillary artery branches and. After removing the skin and fascia in the axilla, pectoralis minor was retracted to. Unlike the arterial branches of the axillary artery, many of the. We found variations in branching pattern of axillary artery in 62. It begins at the lateral border of the first rib and ends at the inferior border of teres major. Variation in the branching pattern of third part of axillary arterya. Frequency of variations in axillary artery branches and its. Proximal to pectoralis minor deep to pectoralis minor. Unusual branching pattern of axillary artery associated with the. The axillary artery is the main artery of the upper extremity and originates as a continuation of the subclavian artery at the lateral margin of the first rib. Its origin is at the lower margin of the teres major muscle and a continuation of the brachial vein this large vein is formed by the brachial vein and the basilic vein. Axillary artery definition of axillary artery by medical.
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